commit 4a7331c5f759106d15501b537160075109d7dd8d
parent 3b38e5134fc0a403d57cafaa816c9efa0c7b20e9
Author: Anders Damsgaard <anders@adamsgaard.dk>
Date: Tue, 26 Nov 2019 16:39:31 +0100
Begin moving content to SI
Diffstat:
2 files changed, 670 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)
diff --git a/continuum-granular-manuscript1.tex b/continuum-granular-manuscript1.tex
@@ -317,32 +317,6 @@ A rate-controlled setup is the opposite end member, where changes in bed frictio
-\begin{table*}[htbp]
- {\scriptsize
- \begin{tabular}{llllll}
- \toprule
- Parameter & Symbol & Units & DEM particles & Idealized till \\
- \midrule
- Friction coefficient & $\mu_\text{s}$ & -- & $0.404_\text{a}$ & $0.40$ \\
- Cohesion & $C$ & kPa & $0_\text{a}$ & $0$ \\
- Representative grain size & $d$ & m & $0.04$ & $1.0\times10^{-3}$ \\
- Hydraulic permeability & $k$ & m$^2$ & $2\times10^{-17}_\text{b}$ & $2\times10^{-17}$ \\
- Nonlocal amplitude & $A$ & -- & $0.50$ & $0.40_\text{c}$ \\
- Nonlinear rate dependence & $b$ & -- & $0.022$ & $0.94_\text{c}$ \\
- Grain material density & $\rho_\text{s}$ & kg m$^{-3}$ & $2.6\times10^3_\text{a}$ & $2.6\times10^3$ \\
- Porosity & $\phi$ & -- & $0.25_\text{a}$ & $0.25$ \\
- \bottomrule
- \end{tabular}
- }
- \caption{\label{tab:params}%
- Material parameters for model simulations emulating discrete element method (DEM) particles \citep[e.g.,][]{Damsgaard2013}, and two idealized tills with varying grain size distribution.
- Parameter values from the literature are used where marked with a reference symbol:
- a: \citet{Damsgaard2013},
- b: \citet{Damsgaard2015},
- c: \citet{Henann2016}.
- }
-\end{table*}
-
\section{Results}%
\label{sec:results}
@@ -360,16 +334,6 @@ By inserting relevant material parameters for grain size, friction, stress, and
Both models show that sediment advection is pressure dependent, with low effective normal stresses producing shallow deformation, and high effective normal stresses deepening the material mobilization.
The DEM results took more than two months of computational time, whereas the continuum model is completed in a fraction of a second, albeit without detail of individual particle kinematics and adjustment towards the critical state.
-\begin{figure}[htbp]
- \begin{center}
- \includegraphics[width=15cm]{experiments/fig-parameter_test.pdf}
- \caption{\label{fig:parameter_test}%
- Analysis of parameter influence on steady-state strain distribution and bulk friction during shear.
- Parameter values marked with an asterisk (*) are used outside of the individual parameter sensitivity tests.
- }
- \end{center}
-\end{figure}
-
Figure~\ref{fig:parameter_test} is a systematic analysis of parameter influence under a constant shear rate.
All experiments are at a shear rate of 300 m a$^{-1}$ and a normal stress of $\sigma_\text{n}'$ = 100 kPa.
Several observations emerge from this parameter sensitivity analysis.
diff --git a/si.tex b/si.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,670 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% AGUtmpl.tex: this template file is for articles formatted with LaTeX2e,
+% Modified November 2013
+%
+% This template includes commands and instructions
+% given in the order necessary to produce a final output that will
+% satisfy AGU requirements.
+%
+% PLEASE DO NOT USE YOUR OWN MACROS
+% DO NOT USE \newcommand, \renewcommand, or \def.
+%
+% FOR FIGURES, DO NOT USE \psfrag
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+% All questions should be e-mailed to latex@agu.org.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+% Step 1: Set the \documentclass
+%
+% There are two options for article format: two column (default)
+% and draft.
+%
+% PLEASE USE THE DRAFT OPTION TO SUBMIT YOUR PAPERS.
+% The draft option produces double spaced output.
+%
+% Choose the journal abbreviation for the journal you are
+% submitting to:
+
+% jgrga JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH
+% gbc GLOBAL BIOCHEMICAL CYCLES
+% grl GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
+% pal PALEOCEANOGRAPHY
+% ras RADIO SCIENCE
+% rog REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS
+% tec TECTONICS
+% wrr WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
+% gc GEOCHEMISTRY, GEOPHYSICS, GEOSYSTEMS
+% sw SPACE WEATHER
+% ms JAMES
+% ef EARTH'S FUTURE
+%
+%
+%
+% (If you are submitting to a journal other than jgrga,
+% substitute the initials of the journal for "jgrga" below.)
+
+%\documentclass[grl]{agutexSI}
+%\documentclass[grl]{agutexSI}
+\documentclass[draft,grl]{agutexSI}
+
+\usepackage{soul}
+
+\usepackage{lineno}
+\linenumbers
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+% SUPPORTING INFORMATION TEMPLATE
+%
+%% ------------------------------------------------------------------------ %%
+%
+%
+%Please use this template when formatting and submitting your Supporting Information.
+
+%This template serves as both a “table of contents” for the supporting information for your article and as a summary of files.
+%
+%
+%OVERVIEW
+%
+%Please note that all supporting information will be peer reviewed with your manuscript.
+%In general, the purpose of the supporting information is to enable authors to provide and archive auxiliary information such as data
+%tables, method information, figures, video, or computer software, in digital formats so that other scientists can use it.
+%The key criteria are that the data:
+% 1. supplement the main scientific conclusions of the paper but are not essential to the conclusions (with the exception of
+% including %data so the experiment can be reproducible);
+% 2. are likely to be usable or used by other scientists working in the field;
+% 3. are described with sufficient precision that other scientists can understand them, and
+% 4. are not exe files.
+%
+%USING THIS TEMPLATE
+%
+%***All references should be included in the reference list of the main paper so that they can be indexed, linked, and counted as citations. The reference section does not count toward length limits.
+%
+%All Supporting text and figures should be included in this document. Insert supporting information content into each appropriate section of the template.
+%Figures and tables should appear above each caption. To add additional captions, simply copy and paste each sample caption as needed.
+
+%Tables may be included, but can also be uploaded separately, especially if they are larger than 1 page, or if necessary for retaining table formatting. Data sets, large tables, movie files, and audio files should be uploaded separately, following AGU naming conventions. Include their captions in this document and list the file name with the caption. You will be prompted to upload these files on the Upload Files tab during the submission process, using file type “Supporting Information (SI)”
+
+%IMPORTANT NOTE ON FIGURES AND TABLES
+% Placeholders for figures and tables appear after the \end{article} command, after references.
+% DO NOT USE \psfrag or \subfigure commands.
+%
+% Uncomment the following command to include .eps files
+%\usepackage[dvips]{graphicx}
+%\usepackage[dvipdf]{graphicx}
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+%
+% Uncomment the following command to allow illustrations to print
+% when using Draft:
+%\setkeys{Gin}{draft=false}
+%
+% Substitute one of the following for [dvips] above
+% if you are using a different driver program and want to
+% proof your illustrations on your machine:
+%
+% [xdvi], [dvipdf], [dvipsone], [dviwindo], [emtex], [dviwin],
+% [pctexps], [pctexwin], [pctexhp], [pctex32], [truetex], [tcidvi],
+% [oztex], [textures]
+%
+
+\usepackage{amsmath}
+
+%
+%% ------------------------------------------------------------------------ %%
+%
+% ENTER PREAMBLE
+%
+%% ------------------------------------------------------------------------ %%
+
+% Author names in capital letters:
+%\authorrunninghead{BALES ET AL.}
+\authorrunninghead{DAMSGAARD ET AL.}
+
+% Shorter version of title entered in capital letters:
+%\titlerunninghead{SHORT TITLE}
+\titlerunninghead{DEEP TILL DEFORMATION}
+
+%Corresponding author mailing address and e-mail address:
+%\authoraddr{Corresponding author: A. B. Smith,
+%Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of
+%Arizona, Harshbarger Building 11, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
+%(a.b.smith@hwr.arizona.edu)}
+
+\authoraddr{Corresponding author: A. Damsgaard,
+Department of Geophysics,
+397 Panama Mall,
+Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.\@
+(anders@adamsgaard.dk)}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+%% ------------------------------------------------------------------------ %%
+%
+% TITLE
+%
+%% ------------------------------------------------------------------------ %%
+
+%\includegraphics{agu_pubart-white_reduced.eps}
+
+
+\title{Supporting Information for ``Ice-floe mechanics and pressure ridging in
+sea ice''}
+
+%DOI: 10.1002/%insert paper number here%
+
+%% ------------------------------------------------------------------------ %%
+%
+% AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS
+%
+%% ------------------------------------------------------------------------ %%
+
+
+\authors{A.\ Damsgaard\altaffilmark{1},
+ J.\ Suckale\altaffilmark{1}, and
+ L.\ Goren\altaffilmark{2}}
+
+\altaffiltext{1}{Blank}
+\altaffiltext{2}{Blank}
+
+%% ------------------------------------------------------------------------ %%
+%
+% BEGIN ARTICLE
+%
+%% ------------------------------------------------------------------------ %%
+
+% The body of the article must start with a \begin{article} command
+%
+% \end{article} must follow the references section, before the figures
+% and tables.
+
+\begin{article}
+
+%% ------------------------------------------------------------------------ %%
+%
+% TEXT
+%
+%% ------------------------------------------------------------------------ %%
+
+
+
+\noindent\textbf{Contents of this file}
+%%%Remove or add items as needed%%%
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item Text S1
+\item Figures S1 to S4
+\item Table S1
+%if Tables are larger than 1 page, upload as separate excel file
+\end{enumerate}
+% \noindent\textbf{Additional Supporting Information (Files uploaded separately)}
+% \begin{enumerate}
+% \item Captions for Datasets S1 to Sx
+% \item Captions for large Tables S1 to Sx (if larger than 1 page, upload as separate excel file)
+% \item Captions for Movies S1 to Sx
+% \item Captions for Audio S1 to Sx
+% \end{enumerate}
+
+\noindent\textbf{Introduction}
+%Type or paste your text here. The introduction gives a brief overview of the supporting information. You should include information %about as many of the following as possible (when appropriate):
+% 1. a general overview of the kind of data files;
+% 2. information about when and how the data were collected or created;
+% 3. a general description of processing steps used;
+% 4. any known imperfections or anomalies in the data.
+
+In this document we provide a full description of the two numerical models deployed in this study.
+Further results are included as supplementary figures.
+A summary table lists simulation parameters.
+
+
+%Type or paste text here. This should be additional explanatory text, such as: extended descriptions of results, full details of models, extended lists of acknowledgements etc. It should not be additional discussion, analysis, interpretation or critique. It should not be an additional scientific experiment or paper.
+%
+%Repeat for any additional Supporting Text
+
+\clearpage{}
+
+\noindent\textbf{Text S1. Numerical solution procedure}
+We apply the model in a one-dimensional setup where simple shear occurs along a horizontal axis $x$, orthogonal to a vertical axis $z$.
+The spatial domain is $L_z = 8$ m long and is discretized into cells with equal size to the representative grain size $d$.
+The upper boundary, i.e.\ the ``ice-bed interface'', exerts effective normal stress and shear stress on the granular assemblage.
+We neglect the minuscule contribution to material shear strength by water viscosity.
+The effective normal stress within the layer is found by adding the lithostatic contribution that increases with depth to the normal stress applied from the top:
+\begin{linenomath*}
+\begin{equation}
+ \sigma_\text{n}(z)
+ = \sigma_\text{n,top} + (1 - \phi)\rho_\text{s} G (L_z - z),
+ \label{eq:sigma_n}
+\end{equation}
+\end{linenomath*}
+where $G$ [m s$^{-2}$] is gravitational acceleration, and
+\begin{linenomath*}
+\begin{equation}
+ \sigma_\text{n}'(z) = \sigma_\text{n}(z) - p_\text{f}(z).
+ \label{eq:sigma_n_eff}
+\end{equation}
+\end{linenomath*}
+Normal stress $\sigma_\text{n}(z=L_z)$ and fluid pressure $p_\text{f}(z=L_z)$ at the top are described by the boundary condition as constant or time-variable values.
+The apparent friction coefficient $\mu$ is found as:
+\begin{linenomath*}
+\begin{equation}
+ \mu(z)
+ = \mu_\text{top} \frac{\sigma_\text{n,top}'}{\sigma_\text{n}'(z)}.
+ \label{eq:tau}
+\end{equation}
+\end{linenomath*}
+where $\mu_\text{top}$ is constant for stress-controlled experiments and dynamic for rate-controlled experiments, with the exact numerical procedure described later.
+
+We assign depth coordinates $z_i$, granular fluidity $g_i$, and fluid pressure $p_{\text{f},i}$ to a regular grid with ghost nodes and cell spacing $\Delta z$.
+The fluidity field $g$ is solved for a set of mechanical forcings ($\mu$, $\sigma_\text{n}'$, boundary conditions for $g$), and material parameters ($A$, $b$, $d$).
+We rearrange Eq.~\ref{eq:g} and split the Laplace operator ($\nabla^2$) into a 1D central finite difference 3-point stencil.
+An iterative scheme is applied to relax the following equation at each grid node $i$:
+\begin{linenomath*}
+\begin{equation}
+ g_i = {\left(1 + \alpha_i\right)}^{-1}
+ \left(\alpha_i g_\text{local}(\sigma_{\text{n},i}', \mu_i)
+ + \frac{g_{i+1} + g_{i-1}}{2}
+ \right),
+ \label{eq:g_i}
+\end{equation}
+\end{linenomath*}
+where
+\begin{linenomath*}
+\begin{equation}
+ \alpha_i = \frac{\Delta z^2}{2\xi^2(\mu_i)}.
+ \label{eq:alpha}
+\end{equation}
+\end{linenomath*}
+We apply fixed-value (Dirichlet) boundary conditions for the fluidity field ($g(z=0) = g(z=L_z) = 0$).
+This condition causes the velocity field transition towards a constant value at the domain edges.
+Neumann boundary conditions, which are not used here, create a velocity profile resembling a free surface flow.
+
+The pore-pressure solution (Eq.~\ref{eq:p_f}) is constrained by a hydrostatic pressure gradient at the bottom ($dp_\text{f}/dz (z=0) = \rho_\text{f}G$), and a pressure forcing at the top, for example sinusoidal: $p_\text{f}(z = L_z) = A_\text{f} \sin(2\pi f t) + p_{\text{f},0}$.
+Here, $A_\text{f}$ is the forcing amplitude [Pa], $f$ is the forcing frequency [1/s], and $p_{\text{f},0}$ is the mean pore pressure over time [Pa].
+As for the granular flow solution, we also use operator splitting and finite differences to solve the equation for pore-pressure diffusion (Eq.~\ref{eq:p_f}):
+\begin{linenomath*}
+\begin{equation}
+ \Delta p_{\text{f},i} = \frac{1}{\phi_i \eta_\text{f} \beta_\text{f}}
+ \frac{\Delta t}{\Delta z}
+ \left(
+ \frac{2 k_{i+1} k_i}{k_{i+1} + k_i} \frac{p_{i+1} - p_i}{\Delta z} -
+ \frac{2 k_i k_{i-1}}{k_i + k_{i-1}} \frac{p_i - p_{i-1}}{\Delta z}
+ \right).
+ \label{eq:p_f_solution}
+\end{equation}
+\end{linenomath*}
+For each time step $\Delta t$, a solution to Eq.~\ref{eq:p_f_solution} is found by the Crank-Nicholson (CN) method \citep[e.g.,][]{Patankar1980, Ferziger2002, Press2007}.
+In the procedure the pressure field at $t + \Delta t$ is found by mixing explicit and implicit solutions with equal weight.
+The method is unconditionally stable and second-order accurate in time and space.
+Our implementation of grain and fluid dynamics is highly efficient, and for the presented experiments each time step completes in less than 1 ms on a single CPU core.
+
+\clearpage{}
+
+\begin{figure}[htbp]
+ \begin{center}
+ \includegraphics[width=15cm]{experiments/fig-parameter_test.pdf}
+ \caption{\label{fig:parameter_test}%
+ Analysis of parameter influence on steady-state strain distribution and bulk friction during shear.
+ Parameter values marked with an asterisk (*) are used outside of the individual parameter sensitivity tests.
+ }
+ \end{center}
+\end{figure}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+%\noindent\textbf{Data Set S1.} %Type or paste caption here.
+%upload your dataset(s) to AGU's journal submission site and select "Supporting Information (SI)" as the file type. Following naming %convention: ds01.
+
+%Repeat for any additional Supporting data sets
+
+%\noindent\textbf{Movie S1.} %Type or paste caption here.
+%upload your movie(s) to AGU's journal submission site and select, "Supporting Information %(SI)" as the file type. Following naming convention: ms01.
+
+%Repeat any additional Supporting movies
+
+%\noindent\textbf{Audio S1.} %Type or paste caption here.
+%upload your audio file(s) to AGU's journal submission site and select "Supporting Information %(SI)" as the file type. Following naming convention: auds01.
+
+%Repeat for any additional Supporting audio files
+
+%%% End of body of article:
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+% Optional Notation section goes here
+%
+% Notation -- End each entry with a period.
+% \begin{notation}
+% Term & definition.\\
+% Second term & second definition.\\
+% \end{notation}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+%% ------------------------------------------------------------------------ %%
+%% REFERENCE LIST AND TEXT CITATIONS
+%
+% Either type in your references using
+% \begin{thebibliography}{}
+% \bibitem{}
+% Text
+% \end{thebibliography}
+%
+% Or,
+%
+% If you use BiBTeX for your references, please use the agufull08.bst file (available at % ftp://ftp.agu.org/journals/latex/journals/Manuscript-Preparation/) to produce your .bbl
+% file and copy the contents into your paper here.
+%
+% Follow these steps:
+% 1. Run LaTeX on your LaTeX file.
+%\bibliographystyle{agufull08}
+%\bibliography{BIB}
+%
+% 2. Make sure the bibliography style appears as \bibliographystyle{agufull08}. Run BiBTeX on your LaTeX
+% file.
+%
+% 3. Open the new .bbl file containing the reference list and
+% copy all the contents into your LaTeX file here.
+%
+% 4. Comment out the old \bibliographystyle and \bibliography commands.
+%
+% 5. Run LaTeX on your new file before submitting.
+%
+% AGU does not want a .bib or a .bbl file. Please copy in the contents of your .bbl file here.
+
+%\begin{thebibliography}{}
+
+%\providecommand{\natexlab}[1]{#1}
+%\expandafter\ifx\csname urlstyle\endcsname\relax
+% \providecommand{\doi}[1]{doi:\discretionary{}{}{}#1}\else
+% \providecommand{\doi}{doi:\discretionary{}{}{}\begingroup
+% \urlstyle{rm}\Url}\fi
+%
+%\bibitem[{\textit{Atkinson and Sloan}(1991)}]{AtkinsonSloan}
+%Atkinson, K., and I.~Sloan (1991), The numerical solution of first-kind
+% logarithmic-kernel integral equations on smooth open arcs, \textit{Math.
+% Comp.}, \textit{56}(193), 119--139.
+%
+%\bibitem[{\textit{Colton and Kress}(1983)}]{ColtonKress1}
+%Colton, D., and R.~Kress (1983), \textit{Integral Equation Methods in
+% Scattering Theory}, John Wiley, New York.
+%
+%\bibitem[{\textit{Hsiao et~al.}(1991)\textit{Hsiao, Stephan, and
+% Wendland}}]{StephanHsiao}
+%Hsiao, G.~C., E.~P. Stephan, and W.~L. Wendland (1991), On the {D}irichlet
+% problem in elasticity for a domain exterior to an arc, \textit{J. Comput.
+% Appl. Math.}, \textit{34}(1), 1--19.
+%
+%\bibitem[{\textit{Lu and Ando}(2012)}]{LuAndo}
+%Lu, P., and M.~Ando (2012), Difference of scattering geometrical optics
+% components and line integrals of currents in modified edge representation,
+% \textit{Radio Sci.}, \textit{47}, RS3007, \doi{10.1029/2011RS004899}.
+
+%\end{thebibliography}
+
+%Reference citation examples:
+
+%...as shown by \textit{Kilby} [2008].
+%...as shown by {\textit {Lewin}} [1976], {\textit {Carson}} [1986], {\textit {Bartholdy and Billi}} [2002], and {\textit {Rinaldi}} [2003].
+%...has been shown [\textit{Kilby et al.}, 2008].
+%...has been shown [{\textit {Lewin}}, 1976; {\textit {Carson}}, 1986; {\textit {Bartholdy and Billi}}, 2002; {\textit {Rinaldi}}, 2003].
+%...has been shown [e.g., {\textit {Lewin}}, 1976; {\textit {Carson}}, 1986; {\textit {Bartholdy and Billi}}, 2002; {\textit {Rinaldi}}, 2003].
+
+%...as shown by \citet{jskilby}.
+%...as shown by \citet{lewin76}, \citet{carson86}, \citet{bartoldy02}, and \citet{rinaldi03}.
+%...has been shown \citep{jskilbye}.
+%...has been shown \citep{lewin76,carson86,bartoldy02,rinaldi03}.
+%...has been shown \citep [e.g.,][]{lewin76,carson86,bartoldy02,rinaldi03}.
+%
+% Please use ONLY \citet and \citep for reference citations.
+% DO NOT use other cite commands (e.g., \cite, \citeyear, \nocite, \citealp, etc.).
+
+%% ------------------------------------------------------------------------ %%
+%
+% END ARTICLE
+%
+%% ------------------------------------------------------------------------ %%
+\end{article}
+\clearpage
+
+% Delete all unused file types below. Copy/paste for multiples of each file type as needed.
+
+% enter figures and tables here:
+%
+% EXAMPLE FIGURE
+% ---------------
+% \begin{figure}
+%\setfigurenum{S1} %%Change number for each figure
+% \noindent\includegraphics[width=20pc]{samplefigure.eps}
+%\caption{Caption text here}
+ %\label{figure_label}
+ %\end{figure}
+
+% ---------------
+% EXAMPLE TABLE
+%
+%\begin{table}
+%\settablenum{S1} %%Change number for each table
+%\caption{Time of the Transition Between Phase 1 and Phase 2\tablenotemark{a}}
+%\centering
+%\begin{tabular}{l c}
+%\hline
+% Run & Time (min) \\
+%\hline
+% $l1$ & 260 \\
+% $l2$ & 300 \\
+% $l3$ & 340 \\
+% $h1$ & 270 \\
+% $h2$ & 250 \\
+% $h3$ & 380 \\
+% $r1$ & 370 \\
+% $r2$ & 390 \\
+%\hline
+%\end{tabular}
+%\tablenotetext{a}{Footnote text here.}
+%\end{table}
+% ---------------
+
+
+\begin{table}
+ \settablenum{S1}
+ \caption{\label{tab:params}%
+ Material parameters for model simulations emulating discrete element method (DEM) particles \citep[e.g.,][]{Damsgaard2013}, and two idealized tills with varying grain size distribution.
+ Parameter values from the literature are used where marked with a reference symbol:
+ a: \citet{Damsgaard2013},
+ b: \citet{Damsgaard2015},
+ c: \citet{Henann2016}.
+ }
+ \centering
+ \begin{tabular}{llllll}
+ \hline
+ Parameter & Symbol & Units & DEM particles & Idealized till \\
+ \hline
+ Friction coefficient & $\mu_\text{s}$ & -- & $0.404_\text{a}$ & $0.40$ \\
+ Cohesion & $C$ & kPa & $0_\text{a}$ & $0$ \\
+ Representative grain size & $d$ & m & $0.04$ & $1.0\times10^{-3}$ \\
+ Hydraulic permeability & $k$ & m$^2$ & $2\times10^{-17}_\text{b}$ & $2\times10^{-17}$ \\
+ Nonlocal amplitude & $A$ & -- & $0.50$ & $0.40_\text{c}$ \\
+ Nonlinear rate dependence & $b$ & -- & $0.022$ & $0.94_\text{c}$ \\
+ Grain material density & $\rho_\text{s}$ & kg m$^{-3}$ & $2.6\times10^3_\text{a}$ & $2.6\times10^3$ \\
+ Porosity & $\phi$ & -- & $0.25_\text{a}$ & $0.25$ \\
+ \hline
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{table}
+
+
+%
+% EXAMPLE LARGE TABLE (UPLOADED SEPARATELY)
+%\begin{table}
+%\settablenum{S1} %%Change number for each table
+%\caption{Time of the Transition Between Phase 1 and Phase 2\tablenotemark{a}}
+%\end{table}
+
+
+\end{document}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+More Information and Advice:
+
+%% ------------------------------------------------------------------------ %%
+%
+% SECTION HEADS
+%
+%% ------------------------------------------------------------------------ %%
+
+% Capitalize the first letter of each word (except for
+% prepositions, conjunctions, and articles that are
+% three or fewer letters).
+
+% AGU follows standard outline style; therefore, there cannot be a section 1 without
+% a section 2, or a section 2.3.1 without a section 2.3.2.
+% Please make sure your section numbers are balanced.
+% ---------------
+% Level 1 head
+%
+% Use the \section{} command to identify level 1 heads;
+% type the appropriate head wording between the curly
+% brackets, as shown below.
+%
+%An example:
+%\section{Level 1 Head: Introduction}
+%
+% ---------------
+% Level 2 head
+%
+% Use the \subsection{} command to identify level 2 heads.
+%An example:
+%\subsection{Level 2 Head}
+%
+% ---------------
+% Level 3 head
+%
+% Use the \subsubsection{} command to identify level 3 heads
+%An example:
+%\subsubsection{Level 3 Head}
+%
+%---------------
+% Level 4 head
+%
+% Use the \subsubsubsection{} command to identify level 3 heads
+% An example:
+%\subsubsubsection{Level 4 Head} An example.
+%
+%% ------------------------------------------------------------------------ %%
+%
+% IN-TEXT LISTS
+%
+%% ------------------------------------------------------------------------ %%
+%
+% Do not use bulleted lists; enumerated lists are okay.
+% \begin{enumerate}
+% \item
+% \item
+% \item
+% \end{enumerate}
+%
+%% ------------------------------------------------------------------------ %%
+%
+% EQUATIONS
+%
+%% ------------------------------------------------------------------------ %%
+
+% Single-line equations are centered.
+% Equation arrays will appear left-aligned.
+
+Math coded inside display math mode \[..\]
+ will not be numbered, e.g.,:
+ \[ x^2=y^2 + z^2\]
+
+ Math coded inside \begin{equation} and \end{equation} will
+ be automatically numbered, e.g.,:
+ \begin{equation}
+ x^2=y^2 + z^2
+ \end{equation}
+
+% IF YOU HAVE MULTI-LINE EQUATIONS, PLEASE
+% BREAK THE EQUATIONS INTO TWO OR MORE LINES
+% OF SINGLE COLUMN WIDTH (20 pc, 8.3 cm)
+% using double backslashes (\\).
+
+% To create multiline equations, use the
+% \begin{eqnarray} and \end{eqnarray} environment
+% as demonstrated below.
+\begin{eqnarray}
+ x_{1} & = & (x - x_{0}) \cos \Theta \nonumber \\
+ && + (y - y_{0}) \sin \Theta \nonumber \\
+ y_{1} & = & -(x - x_{0}) \sin \Theta \nonumber \\
+ && + (y - y_{0}) \cos \Theta.
+\end{eqnarray}
+
+%If you don't want an equation number, use the star form:
+%\begin{eqnarray*}...\end{eqnarray*}
+
+% Break each line at a sign of operation
+% (+, -, etc.) if possible, with the sign of operation
+% on the new line.
+
+% Indent second and subsequent lines to align with
+% the first character following the equal sign on the
+% first line.
+
+% Use an \hspace{} command to insert horizontal space
+% into your equation if necessary. Place an appropriate
+% unit of measure between the curly braces, e.g.
+% \hspace{1in}; you may have to experiment to achieve
+% the correct amount of space.
+
+
+%% ------------------------------------------------------------------------ %%
+%
+% EQUATION NUMBERING: COUNTER
+%
+%% ------------------------------------------------------------------------ %%
+
+% You may change equation numbering by resetting
+% the equation counter or by explicitly numbering
+% an equation.
+
+% To explicitly number an equation, type \eqnum{}
+% (with the desired number between the brackets)
+% after the \begin{equation} or \begin{eqnarray}
+% command. The \eqnum{} command will affect only
+% the equation it appears with; LaTeX will number
+% any equations appearing later in the manuscript
+% according to the equation counter.
+%
+
+% If you have a multiline equation that needs only
+% one equation number, use a \nonumber command in
+% front of the double backslashes (\\) as shown in
+% the multiline equation above.
+
+%% ------------------------------------------------------------------------ %%
+%
+% SIDEWAYS FIGURE AND TABLE EXAMPLES
+%
+%% ------------------------------------------------------------------------ %%
+%
+% For tables and figures, add \usepackage{rotating} to the paper and add the rotating.sty file to the folder.
+% AGU prefers the use of {sidewaystable} over {landscapetable} as it causes fewer problems.
+%
+% \begin{sidewaysfigure}
+% \includegraphics[width=20pc]{samplefigure.eps}
+% \caption{caption here}
+% \label{label_here}
+% \end{sidewaysfigure}
+%
+%
+%
+% \begin{sidewaystable}
+% \caption{}
+% \begin{tabular}
+% Table layout here.
+% \end{tabular}
+% \end{sidewaystable}
+%
+%
+
