commit 52fc0dc1e843e0e7a4337da8c6a76c02d21f7dd8 parent 73e1999a3de80acf4ccf935e47a6650b4aa928b7 Author: Anders Damsgaard <anders@adamsgaard.dk> Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2019 18:12:06 +0200 Use unnumbered figure file names Diffstat:
23 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)
diff --git a/continuum-granular-manuscript1.tex b/continuum-granular-manuscript1.tex @@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ For the first experiment with variable water pressure, we apply a water-pressure \begin{figure*}[htbp] \begin{center} - \includegraphics[width=15cm]{experiments/fig1.pdf} + \includegraphics[width=15cm]{experiments/fig-rate_dependence.pdf} \caption{\label{fig:rate_dependence}% \textbf{a:} Rate dependence in till friction from laboratory experiments \citep[after][]{Iverson2010}. @@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ Our modified NGF model can simulate any combination of effective friction (or fr \begin{figure*}[htbp] \begin{center} \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{experiments/damsgaard2013-fig8.pdf}\\ - \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{experiments/fig2.pdf} + \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{experiments/fig-strain_distribution.pdf} \caption{\label{fig:strain_distribution}% Modeled strain distribution under varying effective normal stress with the discrete-element method \citep[DEM,][]{Damsgaard2013}, and the continuum model presented here. } @@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ The DEM results took more than two months of computational time, whereas the con \begin{figure}[htbp] \begin{center} - \includegraphics[width=15cm]{experiments/fig3.pdf} + \includegraphics[width=15cm]{experiments/fig-parameter_test.pdf} \caption{\label{fig:parameter_test}% Analysis of parameter influence on steady-state strain distribution and bulk friction during shear. Parameter values marked with an asterisk (*) are used outside of the individual parameter sensitivity tests. @@ -445,8 +445,8 @@ There is a significant strengthening when the bed thickness $L_z$ begins to cons \begin{figure}[htbp] \begin{center} - \includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{experiments/fig4.pdf} - \includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{experiments/fig4b.pdf} + \includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{experiments/fig-stick_slip_stress.pdf} + \includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{experiments/fig-stick_slip_rate.pdf} \caption{\label{fig:stick_slip}% Stick-slip dynamics during sinusoidal water-pressure forcing from the top. Stress and shear velocity are measured at the top of the sediment bed. @@ -462,8 +462,8 @@ The response during the first cycle ($t<1$ d) is slightly different from later c \begin{figure}[htbp] \begin{center} - \includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{experiments/fig5.pdf} - \includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{experiments/fig5b.pdf} + \includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{experiments/fig-hysteresis_stress.pdf} + \includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{experiments/fig-hysteresis_rate.pdf} \caption{\label{fig:hysteresis}% Hysteresis between stress and velocity under diurnal forcing (same experiments as Fig.~\ref{fig:stick_slip}a,b). } @@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ Otherwise the material rather deforms in a zone where the depth integral of effe \begin{figure*}[htbp] \begin{center} - \includegraphics[width=15.0cm]{experiments/fig6.pdf} + \includegraphics[width=15.0cm]{experiments/fig-stick_slip_rate_depth.pdf} \caption{\label{fig:stick_slip_depth}% Pore-pressure diffusion and strain distribution with depth with a sinusoidal water-pressure forcing from the top (same experiment as Fig.~\ref{fig:stick_slip}a). The forcing has a daily periodocity, and plot lines are one hour in simulation time apart. @@ -495,9 +495,11 @@ Deep deformation occurs when top water pressure is at a minimum, and the effecti \begin{figure}[htbp] \begin{center} - \includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{experiments/pulse-triangle-fig4b.pdf} - \includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{experiments/pulse-square-fig4b.pdf} + \includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{experiments/fig-pulse_triangle.pdf} + \includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{experiments/fig-pulse_square.pdf} \caption{\label{fig:pulse}% + Pulse perturbations in top water pressure with increasing amplitude over time. + The fluid is reset to hydrostatic pressure distribution before each new pressure pulse. } \end{center} \end{figure} @@ -511,7 +513,7 @@ We next perturb the top water pressure with pulses of triangular and square shap The stress-dependt sediment advection observed in Fig.~\ref{fig:strain_distribution} is relevant for instability theories of subglacial landform development \citep{Hindmarsh1999, Fowler2000, Schoof2007, Fowler2018}. From geometrical considerations, it is likely that bed-normal stresses on the stoss side of subglacial topography are higher than on the lee side. With all other physical conditions being equal, our results indicate that shear-driven sediment advection would be larger on the stoss side of bed perturbations than behind them. -Topography of non-planar ice-bed interfaces (proto-drumlins, ribbed moraines, etc.) may be transported and modulated through the variable transport capacity, unless stress differences are overprinted by spatial variations in water pressure \citep[e.g.][]{McCracken2016, Iverson2017b, Hermanowski2019}. +Topography of non-planar ice-bed interfaces (proto-drumlins, ribbed moraines, etc.) may be transported and modulated through the variable transport capacity, unless stress differences are overprinted by spatial variations in water pressure \citep[e.g.][]{Sergienko2013, McCracken2016, Iverson2017b, Hermanowski2019}. Previously, \citet{Iverson2001} modeled the subglacial bed as a series of parallel Coulomb-frictional slabs. They demonstrated that random perturbations in effective stress at depth can distribute deformation away from the ice-bed interface. @@ -540,7 +542,7 @@ Practically all of the shear strain through a perturbation cycle occurs above th \begin{figure}[htbp] \begin{center} - \includegraphics[width=7.5cm]{experiments/fig8.pdf} + \includegraphics[width=7.5cm]{experiments/fig-skin_depth.pdf} \caption{\label{fig:skin_depth}% Skin depth of pore-pressure fluctuations (Eq.~\ref{eq:skin_depth}) with forcing frequencies ranging from yearly to hourly periods. 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